Three possibilities have probabilities 0.5, 0.4 and 0.1 and values $10, $20, and $30 respectively. The expected value is:

Which of the following does not contribute to differences in interest rates?

a. Different loans are for different periods of time. b. Large loans generate more administrative costs per dollar than smaller loans. c. Different loans are subject to different tax rules. d. Loans to established businesses are evaluated differently from loans to new businesses. e. The longer the period of repayment, the greater the risk of higher-than-expected inflation.

When the profits of a corporation are taxed and the dividends paid to stockholders are also taxed

A) the government is engaging in double taxation. B) the government is engaging in capital gains taxation. C) the government is engaging in regressive taxation. D) the government is engaging in progressive taxation.