Explain the concepts of instrumental orientation and expressive orientation. How is each
related to cultural values?
What will be an ideal response?
Instrumental orientation refers to a general outlook that assertiveness and action are
important, and a value of ?me against the world.? In terms of communication, an
instrumental orientation includes the use of communication as a tool to accomplish
something or solve a problem. Gender research indicates that males in our culture are
socialized to take an instrumental orientation. An expressive orientation emphasizes
connections with others and establishing relationships. Communication is seen as a way
to build relationships rather than as a tool; hence, communication is a goal within itself
rather than simply a means to an end. Gender research indicates that in this culture,
females are socialized in an expressive orientation.
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Tom is speaking on a stage, behind a rather tall podium. His audience is made up of elementary school children. What does Tom need to do to immediately improve his speech?
A) reduce the physical barriers B) minimize any movement C) reduce his gesturing D) stand up straight
When a speaker uses Monroe's motivated sequence, the need step is usually presented in the introduction.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)