A _________ question encourages respondents to choose a particular response because the question indicates that the researcher expects it.

Which is the primary role of the news media in the American political system?

a. Watchdog b. A, C, and D c. Scorekeeper d. Gatekeeper

A rule that says courts should adhere to the doctrines set forth in prior decisions is

A) a grandfather clause. B) one of the black codes. C) stare decisis. D) the state action doctrine. E) the equal protection clause.