How do secondary and tertiary circular reactions differ?
What will be an ideal response?
Secondary circular reactions are goal-directed behaviors. Over time, the child has
learned that certain behaviors cause environmental events. For example, a child may
have learned that pushing a button on a toy in her crib will cause it to make a beeping
noise. With tertiary circular reactions, the child is able to take knowledge of the
relationship between his/her actions and the environment and apply it to specific
situations. For example, if Sarah has learned that pushing a button on a toy causes
interesting noises, she may attempt to push buttons on other toys.
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New learning that works in the opposite direction from the original learning results in ________
a. shaping b. generalization c. spontaneous recovery d. extinction
Recent studies have revealed an association between work-related pressure and
a. migraine headaches. b. interpersonal conflict. c. heart disease. d. secondary appraisal.