One has entered the __________ stage of research when scientists actually begin to test their working hypotheses and logically defend their conclusions

How do anesthetic drugs such as Novocain block the sensation of pain? a. They prevent sodium from crossing the axon membrane

b. They decrease overall brain activity. c. They produce a negative charge that competes with positive charges. d. They form a shield around pain receptors that prevents them from responding.

The proposal that "the occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration [and] the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression" is known as ____

a. the frustration-aggression hypothesis b. the hostile expectation bias c. relational aggression theory d. displacement