If there is an excess demand for money, individuals ________ bonds, causing interest rates to ________

Which of the following is not a technique that unions have to control the supply of labor?

a. control apprenticeship programs b. control membership dues c. establish a closed shop d. decrease the MRP curve of labor e. limit the number of workers allowed into the union

The figure below shows the U.S. market for imported wine. For simplicity, we consider export supply curves to be flat. Chilean wine is available for $480 per barrel and French wine is available for $420 per barrel.Suppose the United States has a tariff of $80 per barrel on imported wine. Then, the United States joins a free-trade area with Chile. What will be the change in the net national surplus after the United States enters into a free-trade agreement with Chile?

A. -$970 million B. -$50 million C. +$50 million D. +$250 million