List three population groups for whom dietary supplements may be required, and explain what supplements each should take

What will be an ideal response?

1. Pregnant women, or those about to become pregnant: certain vitamin and mineral needs increase during pregnancy in order to support the growth and development of the fetus. Additional folic acid is recommended in all women who are pregnant or those of childbearing age in order to prevent potential neural tube defects. Pregnant women are encouraged to take a prenatal multivitamin throughout their pregnancy. Additional calcium and iron may be indicated based on dietary patterns.
2. Older adults: Older adults may need vitamin or mineral supplements for a number of different reasons. Older adults are at risk for deficiencies based on physiological changes associated with aging. This can include vitamin B12 and vitamin D. Older adults may also be limited in their sun exposure or physical activity, making supplements such as vitamin D and calcium necessary. Decreased appetite and oral health problems such as poor fitting dentures or tooth loss can decrease both the overall intake and the quality of foods eaten, and may result in the need for a number of supplements, including a multivitamin.
3. Those following special or restrictive diets: Individuals who restrict entire categories of foods from their diet may need vitamin or mineral supplementation. This includes those who are lactose intolerant or have a milk protein allergy, vegetarians and vegans, and people with certain health conditions such as HIV/AIDS or cancer.