The lowest needs in Maslow's hierarchy of motives could be accurately described as growth needs

Which of the following has been found to be an innate characteristic, particularly among young humans and other animals?

a. A tendency to deceive others to gain personal advantage b. An impulse to play as a way to practice adult skills c. A preference for consistency with a corresponding fear of novelty d. The ability to understand and imitate language

The Bay of Pigs disaster was used in the text as an illustration of

(a) the representativeness heuristic (b) the availability heuristic (c) not considering alternatives (d) explaining contrary facts away (e) all of the above