Subjects are randomly assigned to experimental and control groups to ________
a. make the two groups as similar as possible in all major characteristics.
b. eliminate the placebo effect.
c. establish possible correlations between the independent and dependent variables.
d. eliminate experimenter effects.
Answer: a
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Why is the concept of base rate important in decisions that involve the representativeness heuristic?
a. People usually don't pay enough attention to base rate when making these decisions. b. People are so aware of information about base rate that they typically make accurate decisions. c. People rarely make the small-sample fallacy when making these decisions. d. When people have a background in statistics, they are much more likely to make correct decisions on tasks involving the representativeness heuristic.
You are sitting in a class when your professor holds up a large white feather. We could guess that most people would not really respond in any important way to the feather, because the feather is a(n)
a. primary reinforcer. b. negative punisher. c. unconditioned response. d. neutral stimulus. e. extinct event.