The Fourteenth Amendment was applied to the railroads in the Santa Clara County v Southern Pacific Railroad (1886) decision even though the original intent of that amendment had been to protect the property of former slaves

A natural monopoly exists when

A) diseconomies of scale exist in an industry. B) one firm can supply an entire market at a lower average total cost than can two or more firms. C) a firm can engage in price discrimination. D) the producers in an industry have formed a cartel. E) a monopoly firm faces a horizontal demand curve.

In Table 13-1, if the required reserve ratio is 10 percent, what will happen to the money supply? Use the oversimplified money multiplier in your calculations

a. The money supply will decrease by $100 million. b. The money supply will decrease by $10 million. c. The money supply will not change. d. The money supply will increase by $10 million. e. The money supply will increase by $100 million.