What are the two types of powers given to the governments under the U.S. Constitution?

In the Supreme Court case of Dred Scott v.Sandford in 1857, what claim was made by Chief Justice Roger Taney in his majority opinion?

a. The Founders made clear in the Constitution that all people are equal and have inalienable rights, and therefore government and whites must honor those rights. b. Under the Declaration of Independence, all men are created equal, but the Founders made it clear that phrase does not include women, who belong in the home. c. The Founders believed that blacks had no rights that whites or government were bound to honor or respect. d. The Constitution does not mention equality, but nevertheless, in the spirit of democracy it should be honored, and therefore both black and white men have rights.

Who receives the most attention in both parliamentary and presidential systems?

a. the legislature b. the head of state c. the majority party d. the chief executive