Candidates who win the presidency automatically have a policy mandate from the voters

To test Duverger’s theory, we need to have a measure of the number of cleavages in a society. The measure that is used most often is the effective number of ethnic groups. What does an analyst need to assume if she is to use this measure?

A. That ethnicity is the only type of cleavage that exists in a society. B. That all of the nonethnic cleavages in a society (class, religion, region, and so on) are highly correlated with the ethnic cleavages. C. That there are no ethnic cleavages in a society.

Passionate people who try to make others share their zeal for an issue are known as ______.

a. policy entrepreneurs b. norm cascaders c. policy casters d. transnational programmers