The early model of mass communication suggestion that a mass communicator need only "shoot" messages at an audience and that those messages would produce preplanned and almost universal effects is known as the:

Lighting conditions, colors, temperature, and noise are part of which classification of nonverbal behavior?

a. spatial b. physical environment c. proxemics d. gestures

Cindy and Denise are talking. Cindy is taking a turn, and wants to hold onto the floor after the end of her current speaking turn. Which of the following is not likely to be a behavior she will perform if she wants to maintain her turn?

a. increase the volume of her voice b. give Denise a light touch or a pat c. continue gesturing after the end of her turn d. decrease her speaking rate