Which of the following fields of business analytics uses optimization, heuristics, and/or simulation models to prescribe the best courses of action?

Stock A has the following returns for various states of the economy:

State of the Economy Probability Stock A's Return Recession 9% -72% Below Average 16% -15% Average 51% 16% Above Average 14% 35% Boom 10% 85% Stock A's expected return is A) 13.8%. B) 9.9%. C) 12.7%. D) 16.5%.

Discount loans to banks experiencing severe liquidity problems are called

A) primary credit. B) secondary credit. C) seasonal credit. D) lender-of-last-resort credit.