If our behaviors and physiological reactions can give rise to our emotional changes, holding a pen with our teeth would most likely make us feel

After pairing the sound of a bell with giving meat powder, Pavlov noticed that his dogs salivated ____

a. ?only when he did not give the meat powder b. ?after he gave the meat powder c. ?before he gave the meat powder, when he rang the bell d. ?before he rang the bell, when he gave the meat powder

It is difficult to study the development of intelligence in adulthood because:

A. intelligence declines with age. B. adults do not participate in studies of intelligence. C. it is difficult to distinguish historical factors from developmental factors. D. most changes are due to genetics.