_____________ occurs before gonadarche and results in the development of secondary sex characteristics and increased sexual attraction

Russell travels frequently for his work, and he always keeps any pens that are offered at meetings, hotels, and restaurants. He knew that he or someone would make good use of them. When he began working with a counselor, his car and trunk were completely full of paper, and he had two gym bags full of pens. It is likely that Russell is suffering from:

a. OCD b. collecting disorder c. hoarding disorder d. kleptomania

When experiments are combined instead of evaluated independently — so that the results are ambiguous, they are said to be

a. valid. c. confounded. b. reliable. d. longitudinal.