Of the three problems discussed in the chapter (food, energy, and water), which is/are the strategic variable(s)?

Which of the following keep conservative Gulf monarchies and unpopular authoritarian regimes in power?

a. oil subsidies, strong parliaments, and high degrees of legitimacy b. strong security forces, strong parliaments, and weak executives c. democratic elections, strong executives, and free-market economies d. strong security forces, high unemployment, and democratic elections e. strong security forces, rigged elections, and lavish oil subsidies

Which of the following best summarizes the impact sanctions have on a targeted state's economy?

A) They benefit the target state's economy. B) They generally have no effect on a target state's economy. C) They impose small costs on the target state's economy. D) They impose substantial costs on the target state's economy. E) We have no data on the relationship.