The marginal propensity to consume is calculated by dividing the change in consumer spending by the change in disposable income

If children go to school and become productive members of society,

A) a negative externality is created by the schools. B) a positive externality is created by the schools. C) no externality is created by the schools. D) an externality is created that may be positive or negative.

Central banks can use _______________________ to reduce the quantity of money and loans in an economy.

a. closed market operations b. public market operations c. open market operations d. private market operations