Interest groups are prohibited from attempting to influence the decisions of elected officials who have received campaign contributions from the interest's PAC

If error variance were to occur in an experiment,

A) the mean of the groups would be increased. B) the mean of the groups would be decreased. C) participants would be affected systematically. D) participants would be affected at random.

Which of the following is the best definition of federalism?

a. A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people. b. A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government. c. A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government. d. A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.