The belief that one has the ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is referred to as
a. self-efficacy.
b. self-monitoring.
c. self-control
d. self-justification.
A
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Results of laboratory experiments with adults (Bower & Hilgard, 1981) suggest the one reason why threats of punishment do not seem to deter violent crime in the "real world" is that in the criminal justice system, punishment is
A) seen as unavoidable. B) seldom prompt or certain. C) seldom administered fairly. D) seldom severe enough. E) excessively harsh.
In considering the nature of intelligence, experts would most likely agree that intelligence should be defined as a(n):
A. inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests B. ability to learn from experience C. general trait that underlies success on nearly any task D. multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits