Which of the following statements is false?

a. You cannot prevent client code from creating objects of a class.
b. One common use of a private constructor is sharing initialization code among a class’s other constructors.
c. Another common use of private constructors is to force client code to use so-called “factory methods” to create objects.
d. A factory method is a public static method that creates and initializes an object of a specified type (possibly of the same class), then returns a reference to it.

A