The motives included in the proprium are:
a. developed gradually over four stages.
c. determined by instinctual forces.
b. maintained or discarded by the ego.
d. restricted to unconscious factors.
ANS: B
FEEDBACK: Propriate motives are unique to each individual. The ego determines which motives will be maintained and which will be discarded. We retain motives that enhance our self-esteem or self-image.
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One criticism of Piaget's cognitive development theory is the culmination of thinking with the formal operational stage. Instead it has been proposed that flexible thinking, not based only on pure logic, emerges during early adulthood
This thinking reflects the fact that reasons behind events in the real world are subtle and is referred to as a. postlogic thinking. c. postformal thinking. b. inductive thinking. d. postductive thinking.