What is the causative mechanism and the structure(s) involved in avascular necrosis of the radial head?
What will be an ideal response?
ANS:
Avascular necrosis of the radial head is the result of a series of steps: (1) repeated valgus stress to the elbow joint; (2) stretching of the medial collateral ligament; (3) excessive compression of the radial head against the capitulum, resulting in cartilage deterioration; and (4) compression and reduction of the vascular supply of the head of the radius, resulting in bone death.
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An option to the administration of 50 percent dextrose in the unconscious patient without a suitable intravenous site is:
A) dextrose 25 percent IM. B) insulin SQ. C) glucagon IM. D) insulin IV.
In high-frequency ventilation (HFV), CO2 elimination depends mainly on which of the follow-ing?
a. Pressure amplitude b. Mean airway pressure c. High-frequency rate d. Sinusoidal waveform