Which of the following is a common characteristic of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder?

In psychopathology research, groups of schizophrenic patients are sometimes compared to groups of "patient controls." In such research, patient controls are used to

a. determine whether certain factors are specific to schizophrenia or apply to other disorders. b. identify the differences between people with schizophrenia and people without mental disorder. c. control for differences between subjects in severity of illness. d. control for subject and experimenter bias.

Barbara is in the third grade. She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills, reading books, and collecting bugs. Even though these activities may seem boring, they are all part of Barbara's developing a healthy sense of

industry. self-control. autonomy. egocentrism.