A research design in which all independent variables are within subjects is a mixed subjects factorial design

In contrast to what you would find in weak party systems,

in strong party systems: a. party membership rates are lower. b. party identification among the electorate is lower. c. party unity in the legislature is more unified. d. party performance varies more widely from election to election.

In a two-party system, the leaders of the two major parties

would most likely support: a. winner-take-all electoral rules. b. proportional-representation electoral rules. c. electoral rules that require winners to have a majority of votes. d. a mix of winner-take-all and proportional representation.