Which of the following best describes the relationship between empirical observation and theory?
a. empirical observation guides theory (logic of discovery)
b. theory guides future research which is empirically tested (logic of justification)
c. both ‘a' and ‘b' are true – that is, there is constant interaction between theory and empirical observation
d. theory and empirical observation are independent of one another
C
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Discuss James Madison's views on factions and how he would respond to the tremendous growth in the number of interest groups actively lobbying in Washington, D.C., over the past several decades
What will be an ideal response?
Which is a shortcoming of limited respondent options?
a. Polls measure only elite opinion. b. Polls are unable to measure the intensity of feelings about issues. c. Polls have no scientific credibility. d. Polls are undemocratic.