The substitution effect can be measured holding ________ constant

Unemployment compensation payments:

a. fall during periods of prosperity and thus reduce federal budget deficits. b. fall during periods of prosperity and thus increase federal budget deficits. c. fall during recessions and thus increase the problem of unemployment. d. rise during periods of prosperity and thus increase federal budget deficits. e. rise during recessions and thus increase the problem of unemployment.

Other things constant, an increase in the price of beef will: a. encourage consumers to buy more beef

b. discourage consumers from buying as much beef. c. shift the demand curve for beef to the right. d. shift the demand curve for beef to the left.