When a president is elected who has a different party affiliation than the current president, the new president staffs the federal government with political supporters and friends. This describes

Because laws passed by Congress tend to be vague, and, at times, a bit ambiguous, federal agencies are permitted a great deal of

a. civil permissiveness. b. regulatory scope. c. implementation directives. d. administrative discretion. e. latitude in their budgetary expenditures.

The constitutional basis for the implied powers of the national government is found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the U.S. Constitution and is often called the _____.

A. enclave clause B. supremacy clause C. necessary and proper clause D. commerce clause E. full faith and credit clause