A prisoner's dilemma occurs when an individual decides that even though he or she supports some collective undertaking, he or she is better off pursuing an action that rewards him or her individually.

Some scientists have criticized the concept of operational definitions as being too strict stating that a single operational definition could not completely define the meaning of a term. What has been proposed to overcome this criticism?

a. eliminating operational definitions b. replication c. multiple operationalism d. meta-analysis

Survey research involves ______.

A. the collection of in-depth observation and intensive interviews with key informants B. a considerable degree of data dredging, often in official government records C. randomization of subjects and manipulation of the independent variable D. the systematic collection of data from individuals using responses to standardized questions