Butler and Roediger (2007) gave some students a lecture summary whereas other “students” received short answer tests with feedback if the participants for half of the answers. A final control group of participants did not get a summary nor did they receive a short answer test. The group that did the best on a later test was:

Which of the following statements about the infant's production of stress hormones during childbirth is true?

A) Stress hormones cause the mother to breathe deeply, increasing the oxygen supply to the baby. B) Stress hormones activate certain neural pathways in the brain, causing the baby to be alert and actively work its way down the birth canal. C) Stress hormones cause the cervix to thin and the uterine wall to contract, forming a clear channel from the uterus into the birth canal. D) Stress hormones prepare the baby to breathe effectively by causing the lungs to absorb any remaining fluid and by expanding the bronchial tubes.

When people with a diagnosable personality disorder seek treatment, it is usually not for their personality disorder. Rather it is for episodes of

a) depression. b) anxiety. c) substance abuse. d) all of the above.