The minimum aseptic technique for intramuscular and subcutaneous injection and for intravenous access and intravenous injection through a medication administration port on intravenous tubing would be:

A) blowing or fanning on the skin to dry it.
B) touching the site after it has been cleaned.
C) puncturing the skin through wet alcohol.
D) application of friction with an isopropyl alcohol wipe.

Answer: D