Why is it sometimes difficult for citizens to engage in policy voting?

a. Competing candidates usually have the same positions on issues.
b. Candidates are often intentionally vague about their issue stances.
c. The media tend to overwhelm voters with policy information.
d. Election officials prevent using policy-based voter guides in the voting booth.

b

Political Science

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Because the numbers of Americans who identify with the Democratic and Republican parties are closer than they have been for a long time, which of the following has become more important to candidates in recent elections?

a. grassroots caucuses b. campaign financing c. independent leaners d. active partisans

Political Science

In the early days, under the Articles of Confederation, Congress attempted to formalize executive decisionmaking by delegating power to the __________

A)cabinet B)federal bureaucracy C)state legislatures D)committees

Political Science