In which case did Justice Holmes articulate the clear and present danger test, saying that "the question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent."

In Japan, the 1949 Foreign Exchange and Foreign Control Law was designed to:

A. Open markets to free trade B. Create free trade agreements with large economies C. Devalue Japan's currency to promote imports D. Protect infant industries from foreign competition E. Restrict export competition between Japan and China

In a mixed electoral system,

a. a portion of seats is selected in winner-take-all single-member districts and a portion is allocated according to parties within multi-member constituencies. b. a portion of seats is selected in winner-take-all single-member districts and a portion of seats is appointed by the president or regional governments. c. seats in one chamber are filled through a winner-take-all system and seats in the other chamber are filled through a proportional representation system. d. seats in one chamber are filled through a winner-take-all system and seats in the other chamber are filled by appointments. e. only a portion of the legislature is ever up for election at any given time