Which of the following downsizing options describes attrition?

a. Not filling openings created by voluntary resignations or normal retirements
b. providing incentives to older and more-senior employees for retiring before their normal retirement date
c. Temporary involuntary termination; may last only a few days
d. permanent involuntary termination
e. having employees work fewer hours per week, share jobs, or through furloughs perform their jobs on a part-time basis

Ans: a. Not filling openings created by voluntary resignations or normal retirements