If the unemployment rate falls below its long-run level, which policies would be appropriate to stabilize output?

Many online auctions end when a certain amount of time has gone by without a bid. This causes bidders to place several last-minute bids. This practice is known as ________

A) sniping B) jump bidding C) nonforcing D) signing off

A firm that shuts down in the short run experiences losses equal to

A) zero. B) total variable costs. C) total fixed costs. D) total marginal costs.