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Adults can avoid promoting self-defeating reactions in children by

A) adjusting their expectations to children's capacities. B) only pointing out large mistakes. C) always giving them positive feedback, regardless of actual performance. D) only presenting them with easy tasks.

Which of the following is one explanation for the negative impact of test anxiety on performance?

a. It causes students to not study as hard. b. The test taker is distracted by self-doubting thoughts. c. The examiner may provide more negative feedback to test takers who appear anxious. d. Anxious test takers tend to give up on tests sooner.