For a given minute ventilation, partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) is a function of which of the following? 1. Metabolic rate 2. Cardiac output 3. Alveolar dead space 4. Physiologic shunt
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: B
Changes in metabolic rate cause changes in partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2). For instance, fever and shivering increase the metabolism and increase the PetCO2. A change in cardiac output will change PetCO2 because the heart transports the blood that carries the carbon dioxide (CO2) to the lungs for elimination. Increases in cardiac output will increase PetCO2. A change in dead space ventilation will also cause changes in the PetCO2. Increasing dead space will decrease the PetCO2.
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