Roger begs his doctor to give Roger a fatal injection so Roger can "end my pain and suffering." Roger's request is for:

According to the article Yoking Smoking about operant conditioning, shaping is the process used to

(a) fix poor quality research designs (b) teach a rat to make its first bar-press response (c) the way research data are put together for presentation (d) what happens after a rat has received successive rewards in a Skinner box

Lorie was excited about her upcoming raise at work until she heard that one of the other technicians received a larger raise than she. This perception that her coworker has more wealth or opportunities than she is also known as ____________

a. relative deprivation b. group identity c. social learning d. realistic group conflict