According to Vygotsky, development is optimal when
a. the child learns independently.
b. a child is guided by someone with more skill.
c. someone with more skill does NOT interfere by trying to structure a task for the child.
d. the amount of assistance given exceeds the amount that the child needs.
b
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In the strange situation paradigm, there are two primary criteria that researchers use to assign infants to an attachment category. One of these criteria is:
a. whether the infant is willing to cross the visual cliff when encouraged by the caregiver b. the infant's emotional reaction when the caregiver leaves c. whether the infant shows a fear of strangers d. a willingness to explore in the presence of the caregiver
According to the chapter Tokens Against Aggressionabout the use of a token economy in a psychiatric
hospital, what were the credits given to the participants? (a) plastic toothpicks (b) colored golf tees (c) ink stamps on paper (d) shiny star stickers on paper