An AP atlas and axis projection with poor positioning demonstrates the upper incisors about 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to the posterior occiput, obscuring the dens and atlantoaxial joint

How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

1. The patient's face was rotated toward the left side.
2. The acanthiomeatal line was perpendicular to the IR, and the central ray was perpendicular.
3. The patient's chin was tucked more than needed.
4. An imaginary line connecting the occlusal plane and posterior occiput's inferior edge was not aligned perpendicular to the imaging table.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only

D