Which of the following circumstances is most likely to encourage the successful use of analogies in problem solving?
a. requiring people to use a mental set
b. having people study the source problem very carefully, rather than simply trying to solve it
c. having people try to solve several problems that are structurally similar, before they see the target problem
d. encouraging people to compare at least two problems that have different structural features
Ans: c
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Suppose that you participate in a study in which the experimenter has strong beliefs about how the study should turn out, and these biases influence how you perform. This would be an example of
a. a propositional code. b. the landmark effect. c. a heuristic. d. experimenter expectancy.
In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal
The objective is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, those who receive the cigarette without nicotine comprise the ___________ group. a) control b) extraneous c) experimental d) correlational