Public labor unions are not focused on ensuring ______.
a. competitive pay and benefits for public employees
b. appropriate job responsibilities for public employees
c. adequate working conditions for public employees
d. competitive pay and working conditions for managers
d. competitive pay and working conditions for managers
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How does your textbook characterize the relationship of Iran's clerics with its most sensitive ministries?
a. While the leaders of these ministries appear to be highly trained technocrats, they are fairly powerless individuals dependent on a powerful clergy. b. The clergy clearly dominates Iran's bureaucracy, with clerical members controlling not only the top cabinet positions but the clear majority of subordinate positions within them. c. The clergy is prevented from holding cabinet positions in these ministries, although they dominate and control the rest of Iran's ministries. d. Iran's clerics are confined to working for only these five ministries and they are clearly subordinate to the ministers of these cabinet departments. e. The clergy is not allowed to work in any of these ministries or the rest of Iran's bureaucracy.
Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of living conditions in authoritarian states?
a. Low life expectancy b. Gross social inequality c. High illiteracy rates d. Low infant mortality e. Slow to modernize