After the end of World War II, which field of psychology expanded greatly?

In general, self-reference instructions

a. enhance memory in the laboratory, but not in real-life settings. b. enhance short-term memory, but not long-term memory. c. enhance memory in a wide variety of situations. d. are actually no more effective than instructions to use shallow processing.

Which of the following is the idea that all behavior has prior causes that would completely explain one's choices

and actions if all such causes were known? a. humanism b. natural selection c. cultural relativity d. determinism