How does an increase in government spending affect the aggregate expenditure line?

If a producer is willing to receive at least $5 for a pen that she manufactures but she actually receives $7 for it. The producer surplus of the pen for that producer is

A) $5. B) $2. C) $7. D) -$5.

When a firm is experiencing economics of scale, long run

a. average total cost is minimized, b. average total cost is greater than long-run marginal cost, c. average total cost is less than long-run marginal cost, d. marginal cost is minimized. e. none of the above