Trait theories of personality have been criticized because they
a. do not allow researchers to give concise descriptions of different people's personalities.
b. do not identify characteristics that are correlated with behavior.
c. do not generally explain how personality develops.
d. emphasize conflicting forces within the individual.
Answer: c. do not generally explain how personality develops.
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Phobias can be successfully and often quickly treated by
(a) psychoanalytic therapy (b) punishing the phobic responses (c) perceptual-conceptual therapy (PCT) (d) learning principles (e) social influence
As discussed in the text, individuals with expertise differ cognitively from novices in that ____
a. they process information more quickly and efficiently b. they are more motivated to perform the cognitive skills necessary c. they have advanced development of the frontal cortex d. they are more skilled at hypothetical deductive reasoning