Research (Van Vugt & Samuelson, 1999) in which water meters were installed in houses in one community, suggests that when people can monitor their own use of a scarce common resource, they may use less of that resource because
a. using less helps them save money.
b. they become concerned for the collective good.
c. people become competitive and vie to use less.
d. They won't use less; installing the meters makes everyone want to make sure they "get their fair share," and use goes up.
Answer: B
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Simply put, reinforces are those consequences that ______ a behavior, while punishers are those consequences that _____ a behavior.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following statements is supported by research on school recess?
A) Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing regular breaks enhances attention and performance. B) Extra time for academics translates into achievement gains in children as young as age 6. C) Recess benefits children the most when adult supervisors organize and direct play activities. D) Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior increase for children who have more than 15 minutes of recess a day.