To establish that event X causes event Y, it is necessary to establish that X and Y are correlated.

Ruth has just finished her research paper and handed it in. As she walks out of the classroom, she realizes that there were a few more things she should have included in the paper. Ruth's problem is in the memory process of

a. encoding. b. storage. c. retrieval. d. retention.

Prior to migraine attacks, sufferers often experience

A) headaches. B) fortification illusions. C) indigestion. D) amnesia. E) agnosia.