Explain the roles of Congress, the president, the bureaucracy, and the courts in the policymaking process. How does each institution make policy? What hurdles must policymakers overcome in the policymaking process?

What will be an ideal response?

Congress makes policy through laws, the president primarily through executive orders, the bureaucracy through regulations, and the courts through rulings. Each of those explanations could be expanded on briefly. For example, court rulings have had a major impact on business regulation and civil rights policies. The second half of the question should focus on the steps of the policymaking process. For instance, Congress may have difficulty getting the bureaucracy to implement legislation. Or the president may have trouble passing his or her agenda if Congress is not on board with the agenda.