Which of the following is true about hate-crimes laws?
a. Hate-crimes legislation makes it illegal for an individual to express hatred or intolerance toward someone on account of race, religion, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation.
b. Hate-crimes laws increase penalties for persons convicted of criminal offenses motivated by prejudice based on race, religion, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation.
c. The Supreme Court has ruled that hate-crimes laws are unconstitutional because they abridge freedom of expression.
d. Hate crimes occur only in large cities.
e. Constitutionally, hate-crimes legislation can be enacted only at the state level.
b. Hate-crimes laws increase penalties for persons convicted of criminal offenses motivated by prejudice based on race, religion, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation.
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Which president was considered more of a "policy wonk," devoting much of his time to the efficient aspect of government?
A) Richard Nixon B) Ronald Reagan C) Bill Clinton D) Lyndon Johnson E) George W. Bush
The results of Sherman and Berk's (1984) study of the impact of arrest on repeat calls to the police department for domestic violence supported ______.
A. symbolic interactionism B. deterrence theory C. labeling theory D. conflict theory