The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was a bold attempt by Congress to rectify discrimination through federal legislation. The Supreme Court in 1883 issued a ruling concerning this law in The Civil Rights Cases. What was the Court’s conclusion?
a. That the legislation was constitutional and valid, as well as necessary to advance full and equal civil rights
b. That the legislation was unconstitutional. The Constitution only prohibits the states from discriminating by race against certain civil rights and does not protect the invasion of civil rights by private individuals.
c. That the legislation was valid but should have included a right to vote for the affected individuals
d. That the Court had full authority to override state laws and traditions
e. That the U.S. Constitution was a living document that must frequently be amended to meet contemporary challenges
ANS: B
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